
Board Overview
The Espressif Thread Border Router supports Wi-Fi and Ethernet as backbone interfaces. A Wi-Fi-based ESP Thread Border Router consists of two SoCs:
- A host Wi-Fi SoC from the ESP32, ESP32-S, or ESP32-C series.
- An ESP32-H series SoC acting as the radio co-processor (RCP), which provides access to the IEEE 802.15.4 physical and MAC layers.
Espressif provides the following official hardware based on this architecture:
- ESP Thread Border Router/Zigbee Gateway Board: The main board integrates an ESP32-S3 host SoC and an ESP32-H2 RCP. It uses the ESP32-S3 Wi-Fi interface as the backbone interface.
- ESP Thread Border Router/Zigbee Gateway Sub-Ethernet: The optional daughter board connects to the main board and extends it with an Ethernet interface. It cannot operate independently. An Ethernet-based Thread Border Router therefore requires both the main board and the daughter board.
Feature List
The main features of the boards are listed below.
Main board (ESP Thread Border Router/Zigbee Gateway Board):
- Modules Embedded: ESP32-S3-WROOM-1 (8 MB flash, 2 MB PSRAM) host and ESP32-H2-MINI-1 RCP
- Host/RCP Communication: UART (default, 460800 baud)
- RCP Control: Dedicated reset and boot GPIOs from the host for automatic RCP firmware update
- RF Coexistence: 4-wire PTA signaling between the ESP32-S3 (Wi-Fi) and the ESP32-H2 (802.15.4)
- USB: 2 x USB Type-C, one wired to each SoC’s built-in USB-Serial-JTAG; either port can power the board
- Buttons: Independent Boot and Reset buttons for the ESP32-S3 and for the ESP32-H2
- Expansion: 2x4 header (J5) for the ESP32-H2, and 2x13 header (J4) for the ESP32-S3 that also serves as the Sub-Ethernet connector
- Power Supply: 5 V from either USB Type-C port; on-board 5 V-to-3.3 V LDO
- Sub-Ethernet daughter board (ESP Thread Border Router/Zigbee Gateway Sub-Ethernet):
- Ethernet Controller: W5500, with integrated 10/100 Mbps MAC and PHY
- Host Interface: SPI, plus interrupt and reset lines
- Ethernet Speed: 10/100 Mbps, half or full duplex
- Ethernet Connector: Shielded RJ45 with integrated magnetics and status LEDs
- DIP Switch: 3-position PMODE switch that selects the W5500 link mode (default: auto-negotiation)
- Board-to-board Connector: 2x13 connector (J2) that mates with J4 on the main board


Related Document
- ESP Thread Border Router/Zigbee Gateway Board schematic (PDF)
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ESP Thread Border Router/Zigbee Gateway Sub-Ethernet schematic (PDF)
- ESP Thread Border Router/Zigbee Gateway Board CAD (ZIP)
-
ESP Thread Border Router/Zigbee Gateway Sub-Ethernet CAD (ZIP)
- ESP32-S3 Datasheet (PDF)
- ESP32-H2 Datasheet (PDF)
- ESP32-S3-WROOM-1 & ESP32-S3-WROOM-1U Datasheet (PDF)
- ESP32-H2-MINI-1 & ESP32-H2-MINI-1U Datasheet (PDF)